For load bus (PQ bus), P and Q are known and V and δ are unknown values.
#Newton raphson method fourbar generator#
For generator bus (PV bus), P and V are known values and Q and δ are unknown. The source bus with larger size of generator is normally taken as swing bus. For swing bus, V and δ are known and P and Q are unknown values.
Swing bus and generator bus are source buses. In power flow analysis, there are three types of buses i.e., swing bus, generator bus and load bus. Moreover, economic dispatch, unit commitment, contingency analysis, transient and steady state analysis and short circuit analysis require power flow analysis. Therefore, power flow analysis is an essential study for future expansion of power system and for finding the ideal operating conditions of existing electric power systems. There is a requirement to improve current power system or to add new systems to existing systems for meeting energy demands. Active power and reactive power are known at consumer side and voltage and voltage angles are evaluated through power flow analysis.
Active power and voltage are known at supply side and reactive power and voltage angles are determined through numerical analysis of power flow. Voltage (V), voltage angles (δ), active power (P) and reactive power (Q) are the variables involved in this study. Single line diagram and per unit system are the fundamental components of this analysis. Behavior of flow of electric power in an interconnected system is studied numerically by power flow analysis.
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